The dried fruit of Piper longum or long pepper, a slender, fragrant plant with creeping jointed stems and perennial woody roots, is called pepper long. The leaves are oval, cordate, 5–9 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, and have rounded lobes at the base. Male spikes are longer and more slender, while female spikes are cylindrical. Female spikes are fleshy and range in length from 1.3 to 2.5 cm. They have drupe-shaped, ovoid fruits that are yellowish-orange in color and 4.5 mm in diameter. When ripe, the spikes are red.

The plant is found in the Central Himalayas, Assam, the Lower Bengal Hills, the evergreen Western Ghats forests, the Nicobar Islands, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal. Long pepper from Indonesia or Malaysia is a species of Piper retrofractum. In places with high relative humidity and limestone soil that receive a lot of rainfall, pepper long is widely grown.